26 U.S. Code § 42 - Low-income housing credit

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Organization Name: State Housing Finance Agency

Funding Opportunity Brief *: Critical funding source for substantial rehabilitation and new construction of affordable housing for low-income families

Equity Categories: Low Income Community

Eligible Applicant: Organization
Nonprofit/NGO/CBO
Business
Individual

Description: (a)In generalFor purposes of section 38, the amount of the low-income housing credit determined under this section for any taxable year in the credit period shall be an amount equal to—
(1)
the applicable percentage of
(2)
the qualified basis of each qualified low-income building.
(b)Applicable percentage: 70 percent present value credit for certain new buildings; 30 percent present value credit for certain other buildings
(1)Determination of applicable percentageFor purposes of this section—
(A)In generalThe term “applicable percentage” means, with respect to any building, the appropriate percentage prescribed by the Secretary for the earlier of—
(i)
the month in which such building is placed in service, or
(ii)at the election of the taxpayer—
(I)
the month in which the taxpayer and the housing credit agency enter into an agreement with respect to such building (which is binding on such agency, the taxpayer, and all successors in interest) as to the housing credit dollar amount to be allocated to such building, or
(II)
in the case of any building to which subsection (h)(4)(B) applies, the month in which the tax-exempt obligations are issued.
A month may be elected under clause (ii) only if the election is made not later than the 5th day after the close of such month. Such an election, once made, shall be irrevocable.
(B)Method of prescribing percentagesThe percentages prescribed by the Secretary for any month shall be percentages which will yield over a 10-year period amounts of credit under subsection (a) which have a present value equal to—
(i)
70 percent of the qualified basis of a new building which is not federally subsidized for the taxable year, and
(ii)
30 percent of the qualified basis of a building not described in clause (i).
(C)Method of discountingThe present value under subparagraph (B) shall be determined—
(i)
as of the last day of the 1st year of the 10-year period referred to in subparagraph (B),
(ii)
by using a discount rate equal to 72 percent of the average of the annual Federal mid-term rate and the annual Federal long-term rate applicable under section 1274(d)(1) to the month applicable under clause (i) or (ii) of subparagraph (A) and compounded annually, and
(iii)
by assuming that the credit allowable under this section for any year is received on the last day of such year.
(2)Minimum credit rate for non-federally subsidized new buildingsIn the case of any new building—
(A)
which is placed in service by the taxpayer after the date of the enactment of this paragraph, and
(B)
which is not federally subsidized for the taxable year,
the applicable percentage shall not be less than 9 percent.
(3)Minimum credit rate
In the case of any new or existing building to which paragraph (2) does not apply and which is placed in service by the taxpayer after December 31, 2020, theapplicable percentage shall not be less than 4 percent.
(4)Cross references
(A)
For treatment of certain rehabilitation expenditures as separate new buildings, see subsection (e).
(B)
For determination of applicable percentage for increases in qualified basis after the 1st year of the credit period, see subsection (f)(3).
(C)
For authority of housing credit agency to limit applicable percentage and qualified basis which may be taken into account under this section with respect to any building, see subsection (h)(7).
(c)Qualified basis; qualified low-income buildingFor purposes of this section—
(1)Qualified basis
(A)DeterminationThe qualified basis of any qualified low-income building for any taxable year is an amount equal to—
(i)
the applicable fraction (determined as of the close of such taxable year) of
(ii)
the eligible basis of such building (determined under subsection (d)(5)).
(B)Applicable fraction
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term “applicable fraction” means the smaller of the unit fraction or the floor space fraction.
(C)Unit fractionFor purposes of subparagraph (B), the term “unit fraction” means the fraction—
(i)
the numerator of which is the number of low-income units in the building, and
(ii)
the denominator of which is the number of residential rental units (whether or not occupied) in such building.
(D)Floor space fractionFor purposes of subparagraph (B), the term “floor space fraction” means the fraction—
(i)
the numerator of which is the total floor space of the low-income units in such building, and
(ii)
the denominator of which is the total floor space of the residential rental units (whether or not occupied) in such building.
(E)Qualified basis to include portion of building used to provide supportive services for homelessIn the case of a qualified low-income building described in subsection (i)(3)(B)(iii), the qualified basis of such building for any taxable year shall be increased by the lesser of—
(i)
so much of the eligible basis of such building as is used throughout the year to provide supportive services designed to assist tenants in locating and retaining permanent housing, or
(ii)
20 percent of the qualified basis of such building (determined without regard to this subparagraph).
(2)Qualified low-income buildingThe term “qualified low-income building” means any building—
(A)which is part of a qualified low-income housing project at all times during the period—
(i)
beginning on the 1st day in the compliance period on which such building is part of such a project, and
(ii)
ending on the last day of the compliance period with respect to such building, and
(B)
to which the amendments made by section 201(a) of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 apply.
(d)Eligible basisFor purposes of this section—
(1)New buildings
The eligible basis of a new building is its adjusted basis as of the close of the 1st taxable year of the credit period.
(2)Existing buildings
(A)In generalThe eligible basis of an existing building is—
(i)
in the case of a building which meets the requirements of subparagraph (B), its adjusted basis as of the close of the 1st taxable year of the credit period, and
(ii)
zero in any other case.
(B)RequirementsA building meets the requirements of this subparagraph if—
(i)
the building is acquired by purchase (as defined in section 179(d)(2)),
(ii)
there is a period of at least 10 years between the date of its acquisition by the taxpayer and the date the building was last placed in service,
(iii)
the building was not previously placed in service by the taxpayer or by any person who was a related person with respect to the taxpayer as of the time previously placed in service, and
(iv)
except as provided in subsection (f)(5), a credit is allowable under subsection (a) by reason of subsection (e) with respect to the building.
(C)Adjusted basis
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the adjusted basis of any building shall not include so much of the basis of such building as is determined by reference to the basis of other property held at any time by the person acquiring the building.
(D)Special rules for subparagraph (B)
(i)Special rules for certain transfersFor purposes of determining under subparagraph (B)(ii) when a building was last placed in service, there shall not be taken into account any placement in service—
(I)
in connection with the acquisition of the building in a transaction in which the basis of the building in the hands of the person acquiring it is determined in whole or in part by reference to the adjusted basis of such building in the hands of the person from whom acquired,
(II)
by a person whose basis in such building is determined under section 1014(a) (relating to property acquired from a decedent),
(III)
by any governmental unit or qualified nonprofit organization (as defined in subsection (h)(5)) if the requirements of subparagraph (B)(ii) are met with respect to the placement in service by such unit or organization and all the income from such property is exempt from Federal income taxation,
(IV)
by any person who acquired such building by foreclosure (or by instrument in lieu of foreclosure) of any purchase-money security interest held by such person if the requirements of subparagraph (B)(ii) are met with respect to the placement in service by such person and such building is resold within 12 months after the date such building is placed in service by such person after such foreclosure, or
(V)
of a single-family residence by any individual who owned and used such residence for no other purpose than as his principal residence.
(ii)Related person
For purposes of subparagraph (B)(iii), a person (hereinafter in this subclause referred to as the “related person”) is related to any person if the related person bears a relationship to such person specified in section 267(b) or 707(b)(1), or the related person and such person are engaged in trades or businesses under common control (within the meaning of subsections (a) and (b) of section 52).

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